Psalm CL

1. Although the arrangement of the Psalms, which seems to me to contain the secret of a mighty mystery, hath not yet been revealed unto me, yet, by the fact that they in all amount to one hundred and fifty, they suggest somewhat even to us, who have not as yet pierced with the eye of our mind the depth of their entire arrangement, whereon we may without being over-bold, so far as God giveth, be able to speak. Firstly, the number fifteen, whereof it is a multiple this number fifteen, I say, signifieth the agreement of the two Testaments. For in the former is observed the Sabbath, which signifieth rest; in the latter the Lord's Day, which signifieth resurrection. The Sabbath is the seventh day, but the Lord's Day, coming after the seventh, must needs be the eighth, and is also to be reckoned the first. For it is called the first day of the week, and so from it are reckoned the second, third, fourth, and so on to the seventh day of the week, which is the Sabbath. But from Lord's Day to Lord's Day is eight days, wherein is declared the revelation of the New Testament, which in the Old was as it were veiled under earthly promises. Further, seven and eight make fifteen. Of the same number too are the Psalms which are called "of the steps," because that was the number of the steps of the Temple. Further too, the number fifty in itself also containeth a great mystery. For it consisteth of a week of weeks, with the addition of one as an eighth to complete the number of fifty. For seven times seven make forty-nine, whereto one is added to make fifty. And this number fifty is of so great meaning, that it was after the completion of that number of days from the Lord's Resurrection, that, on the fiftieth day exactly, the Holy Spirit came upon those who were gathered together in Christ. And this Holy Spirit is in Scripture especially spoken of by the number seven, whether in Isaiah or in the Apocalypse, where the seven Spirits of God are most directly mentioned, on account of the sevenfold operation of one and the self-same Spirit. And this sevenfold operation is mentioned in Isaiah....Hence also the Holy Spirit is spoken of under the number seven. But this period of fifty the Lord divided into forty and ten: for on the fortieth day after His Resurrection He ascended into heaven, and then after ten days were completed He sent the Holy Spirit: under the number forty setting forth to us the period of temporal sojourn in this world. For the number four prevaileth in forty; and the world and the year have each four parts; and by the addition of the number ten, as a sort of reward added for the fulfilment of the law in good works, eternity itself is figured. This fifty the number one hundred and fifty containeth three times, as though it were multiplied by the Trinity. Wherefore for this reason too we make out that this number of the Psalm is not unsuitable.

2. Now in that some have believed that the Psalms are divided into five books, they have been led by the fact, that so often at the end of Psalms are the words, "so be it, so be it." But when I endeavoured to make out the principle of this division, I was not able; for neither are the five parts equal one to another, neither in quantity of contents, nor yet even in number of Psalms, so as for each to contain thirty. And if each book end with, "so be it, so be it," we may reasonably ask, why the fifth and last book hath not the same conclusion. We however, following the authority of canonical Scripture, where it is said, "For it is written in the book of Psalms," know that there is but one book of Psalms. And I see indeed how this can be true, and yet the other be true also, without contravening it. For it may be that there was some custom in Hebrew literature, whereby that is called one book which yet consists of more than one, just as of many churches one church consisteth, and of many heavens one heaven,...and one land of many lands. For it is our everyday habit to say, "the globe of the earth," and "the globe of the lands." And when it is said, "It is written in the book of Psalms," though the customary way of speaking is such that he seem to have wished to suggest that there is but one book, yet to this it may be answered, that the words mean "in a book of the Psalms," that is, "in any one of those five books." And this is in common language so unprecedented, or at least so rare, that we are only convinced that the twelve Prophets made one book, because we read in like manner, "As it is written in the book of the Prophets." There are some too who call all the canonical Scriptures together one book, because they agree in a very wondrous and divine unity....

3. Whichever then of these is understood, this book, in its parts of fifty Psalms each, gives an answer important and very worthy of consideration. For it seems to me not without significance, that the fiftieth is of penitence, the hundredth of mercy and judgment, the hundred and fiftieth of the praise of God in His saints. For thus do we advance to an everlasting life of happiness, first by condemning our own sins, then by living aright, that, having condemned our ill life, and lived a good life, we may attain to everlasting life. Our predestination is not wrought in ourselves, but in secret with Him, in His foreknowledge. But we are called by the preaching of repentance. We are justified in the calling of mercy and fear of judgment. He feareth not judgment, who hath previously attained salvation. Being called, we renounce the devil by repentance, that we may not continue under his yoke: being justified, we are healed by mercy, that we may not fear judgment: being glorified, we pass into everlasting life, where we praise God without end....The verse wherewith this Psalm concludeth is the voice of life everlasting.

4. "Praise the Lord in His saints," that is, in those whom He hath glorified: "praise Him in the firmament of His power" (ver. 1). "Praise Him in His deeds of strength;" or, as others have explained it, "in His deeds of power: praise Him according to the multitude of His greatness" (ver. 2). All these His saints are; as the Apostle saith, "But we may be the righteousness of God in Him." If then they be the righteousness of God, which He hath wrought in them, why are they not also the strength of Christ which He hath wrought in them, that they should rise again from the dead? For in Christ's resurrection, "strength" is especially set forth to us, for in His Passion was weakness, as the Apostle saith. And well doth it say, "the firmament of His power." For it is the "firmament of His power" that He "dieth no more, death hath no more dominion over Him." Why should not they also be called "the works of" God's "strength," which He hath done in them: yea rather, they themselves are the works of His strength; just as it is said, "We are the righteousness of God in Him." For what more powerful than that He should reign for ever, with all His enemies put under His feet? Why should not they also be "the multitude of His greatness"? not that whereby He is great, but whereby He hath made them great, many as they are, that is, thousands of thousands. Just as righteousness too is understood in two ways, that whereby He is righteous, and that which He worketh in us, so as to make us His righteousness. These same saints are signified by all the musical instruments in succession, to praise God in. For what the Psalmist began with, saying, "Praise the Lord in His saints," that he carrieth out, signifying in various ways these same saints of His.

5. "Praise Him in the sound of the trumpet" (ver. 3): on account of the surpassing clearness of note of their praise. "Praise Him in the psaltery and harp." The psaltery praiseth God from things above, the harp praiseth God from things below; I mean, from things in heaven, and things in earth, as He who made heaven and earth. We have already in another Psalm, explained that the psaltery hath that board, whereon the series of strings rests that it may give a better sound, above, whereas the harp has it below. "Praise Him in the timbrel and choir" (ver. 4). The "timbrel" praiseth God when the flesh is now changed, so that there is in it no weakness of earthly corruption. For the timbrel is made of leather dried and strengthened. The "choir" praiseth God when society made peaceful praiseth Him. "Praise Him on the strings and organ." Both psaltery and harp, which have been mentioned above, have strings. But "organ" is a general name for all instruments of music, although usage has now obtained that those are specially called organ which are inflated with bellows: but I do not think that this kind is meant here. For since organ is a Greek word, applied generally, as I have said, to all musical instruments, this instrument, to which bellows are applied, is called by the Greeks by another name: but it being called organ is rather a Latin and conversational usage. When then he saith, "on the strings and organ," he seemeth to me to have intended to signify some instrument which hath strings. For it is not psalteries and harps only that have strings: but, because in the psaltery, and harp, on account of the sound from things below and things above, somewhat has been found which can be understood after this distinction, he hath suggested to us to seek some other meaning in the strings themselves: for they too are flesh, but flesh now set free from corruption. And to those, it may be, he added the organ, to signify that they sound not each separately, but sound together in most harmonious diversity, just as they are arranged in a musical instrument. For even then the saints of God will have their differences, accordant, not discordant, that is, agreeing, not disagreeing, just as sweetest harmony arises from sounds differing indeed, but not opposed to one another.

6. "Praise Him on the well-sounding cymbals, praise Him on cymbals of jubilation" (ver. 5). Cymbals touch one another in order to sound, and therefore are by some compared to our lips. But I think it better to understand that God is in a manner praised on the cymbal, when each is honoured by his neighbour, not by himself, and then honouring one another, they give praise to God. But lest any should understand such cymbals as sound without life, therefore I think he added, "on cymbals of jubilation." For "jubilation" that is, unspeakable praise, proceedeth not, save from life. Nor do I think that I should pass over what musicians say, that there are three kinds of sounds, by voice, by breath, by striking: by voice, uttered by throat and windpipe, when man singeth without any instrument; by breath, as by pipe, or anything of that sort: by striking, as by harp, or anything of that kind. None then of these kinds is omitted here: for there is voice in the choir, breath in the trumpet, striking in the harp, representing mind, spirit, body, but by similitudes, not in the proper sense of the words. When then he proposed, "Praise God in His saints," to whom said he this, save to themselves? And in whom are they to praise God, save in themselves? For ye, saith he, are "His saints;" ye are "His strength," but that which He wrought in you; ye are "His mighty works, and the multitude of His greatness," which He hath wrought and set forth in you. Ye are "trumpet, psaltery, harp, timbrel, choir, strings, and organ, cymbals of jubilation sounding well," because sounding in harmony. All these are ye: let nought that is vile, nought that is transitory, nought that is ludicrous, be here thought of. And since to savour of the flesh is death, "let every spirit praise the Lord" (ver. 6).

Prayer of St. Augustin.

Which he was wont to use after his Sermons and Lectures.

Turn we to the Lord God, the Father Almighty, and with pure hearts offer to Him, so far as our meanness can, great and true thanks, with all our hearts praying His exceeding kindness, that of His good pleasure He would deign to hear our prayers, that by His Power He would drive out the enemy from our deeds and thoughts, that He would increase our faith, guide our understandings, give us spiritual thoughts, and lead us to His bliss, through Jesus Christ His Son our Lord, who liveth and reigneth with Him, in the Unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

Aaron, brother of Moses, 486, 487.

Abba, same as Father, 381; St. Paul uses both words, 532.

Abel, 31, 252, 268, 450.

Abimelech, 72, 197.

Abraham, seed of, faithful Christians also, 148, 149, 627; servant's hand under his thigh, 149, 334; poor in midst of riches, 410.

Absalom, David's son, 4, 5; type of Judas the traitor, 4, 20.

Absolution granted by the Church, 500.

Abyss, or deep, of God's judgments, 88; of man's heart, 136.

Accuser, the devil the great, false, 328; false accusers entangled, 221, See Devil.

Achish, 75, 197.

Adam, transgression of, 16; type of Christ, 131; meaning of name, 474.

Advent, day of second, not known, 15. See Christ and Judgment.

Adversity. See Tribulation.

Æman, i.e. Heman, the Israelite, 424.

Æthan, 429.

Ahithophel, 20.

Allophyli, 218, 219.

Almsgiving, one of the wings of prayer, 140; the Lord requires it, 171; poor can give alms, 605; a fixed sum to be set aside, 668.

Altar of God, who only can approach it, 139.

Amalek, 398.

Ammon, 398.

Amorites, 625.

Angels, ministered to Christ, 227; the redeemed equal to, 259; abode of, 415; bodies of, 416; greatness of, 472; food of, 625; office or function, 627.

Angels, rebel, fell through pride, 591.

Anger, definition of, 16; anger of God, 382, 399; terribleness of His anger, 443.

Anointed, 151, 622. See Christ.

Ant as an example, 137.

Antichrist, "that Wicked," 532; Jews deceived by, 532.

Apollinarians, 411.

Apollos, 281.

Apostles, the twelve, wrought miracles, 272; designated as rams, 335; number of a mystery, 421; words of, reached unto end of the world, 430; anointed by the Holy Spirit, 623.

Arians and Arian heresy, 217, 297, 592, 615.

Aristotle the philosopher, 640.

Ark of Noah, type of the Church, 421.

Asaph, 334, 335, 348, 367, 386.

Ashes, mark of penitence, 497.

Asp, or adder, 232, 233, 451.

Assur, 398.

Assyrians, 386.

Augustin on lying, 13; anxious to be understood, 99, 285; alludes to Sermon on the Ten Plagues, etc., 375; relations to the See of Rome, 591.

Aurelius, 467.

Avarice. See Covetousness.

Babes, to be fed with milk, 217; afterwards with bread, 615.

Babylon, means "confusion," 268, 604; type of captivity of Christians, 604.

Baldness. See Core.

Baptism, passage through the Red Sea type of, 392, 533; for remission of sins, 192; laver of regeneration, 367; why the Lord Jesus was baptized, 450.

Barabbas, 396.

Basan, or Bashan, 295, 625.

Basilica of St. Peter, 152; Christian churches called basilicæ, 594.

Basilisk, 451.

Beasts of the wood, 512.

Beauty, of Christ as God and man, 146, 148; of soul in confession, 472.

Being, God alone absolute, 441, 442.

Belief. See Faith.

Benjamin, how applied to St. Paul, 296; meaning of name, 387.

Birth, natural and spiritual, 231; natural, brings guilt from Adam, 192, 252, 253.

Bishops, called "fathers" by the Church, 155; superintendents or guardians, 606; under the one chief Shepherd, 606, 607.

Blasphemers, enemies of God, 455, 504, 665.

Blessed, happiness of the, 423, 545.

Blindness of mind and heart, 18; judicial punishment of sin, 308.

Blood of Christ our propitiation, 613. See Christ.

Body, human, four portions or elements of, 16; garment of the soul, 502.

Bones in Body of the Lord, 81, 82, 496; the bone made in secret, 638.

Bow, refers to the Scriptures, 25; bow of the wicked, 94.

Bread for the soul the word of God, 99; bread of the heart, 176; Christ the Living Bread, 621.

Building, Christians are God's, 498; built as stones in the Heavenly City, 593, 594.

Burden of Christ light, 291.

Cæcilianus, bishop of Carthage, 42.

Cain, mark set on, 124, 241; built a city, 252; connection with Babylon, 268.

Calling, of God's free grace, 15.

Calvary, 132.

Canaan, woman of, 295.

Captivity of Christians typified by Babylon, 604.

Carthage. See Tarshish.

Catholic Church, 283, 473, 489, 501.

Catholics, 228.

Cedars of Libanus, the righteous like to, highly exalted, 456.

Cherubim, 386.

Chrism, 64, 678.

Christ, the Mediator, 68; Angel of the great counsel, 75; Body of, 81; the seed of Abraham, 124; man, 162, 540; born of a Virgin, 193; Rock on which the Church is built, 249, 632; temptation of, 249; Lamb without spot, 265; food of angels, 372; descent into hell (hades), 427; Judge of the whole world, 474; flesh of our life, 485; the anointed one, the Messiah, 504, 622. See Incarnation.

Christians, must suffer troubles in this world, 219, 310; persecuted, 342, 511, 610, 632.

Church, inherits eternal life, 11; assailants of the, 39; Body of Christ, 81; Eve type of, 131; blessed, 166; works done out of, 401, 402; ark of Noah type of, 42; the city of God, 484; city of the saints, Catholic, 677.

Chusi, or Hushai, 20, 21.

Cicero, 512, 513.

Circumcelliones, miscreants, 42, 218, 470, 622, 623.

City of God, the Church, 484.

Cities, two opposed, Jerusalem and Babylon, 268.

Clergy and clerks, 291.

Commandments, God's, man of himself too weak to keep them, 561, 562; love, the mark of their breadth, 576.

Confession, twofold, of sin and of praise, 27, 68, 155, 632, 633; benefit of, 70, 283; always needful, 490; of sins of ignorance and negligence, 528.

Confirmation, 64.

Conscience, an altar, 185; testimony of, 208.

Consolation, in the desert of this world, 260; in hope, 604.

Conversion, difficulty of, 17; work of God's grace, 323; must not be delayed, 497, 498.

Core, or Korah, 132, 140, 155, 400.

Cornelius, 478.

Country, the heavenly. See Jerusalem and The City of God.

Covetousness, hateful to our Lord, 479; root of all evils, 565.

Creation, beauty of, 27; not to be preferred to the Creator, 389, 390.

Crispina, martyr, 591, 633.

Cross of our Lord a key, 155; virtue hidden in, 247; mark of, on foreheads of Christians, 650.

Crown, Christ's crown of thorns, 6.

Cyprian, martyr, 92, 102, 418; table of, 391.

Daniel, prophecy of, 164.

Darkness, not made by God, but ordered by Him, 27; term used for rulers of this world, 79.

David, "ecstasy" of, 68, 70; his sin and fall no warrant for other men to sin, 190; type of Christ, 209, 225; meekness of, 616, 617.

Day of the Lord. See Advent and Judgment.

Days of the week, 459, 460.

Dead, do they know in Hades what transpires on earth? 538.

Death, of the righteous and wicked, 78, 79; is certain, 117; definition of, 174.

Degrees, songs of, 112; meaning of, 589, 596, 598; same in number as steps of the temple, 681.

Deluge, ark of the Church refuge from, 67; of persecutions, 511.

Denary, 545.

Detraction, a stumbling-block to the weak, 188; must not seek revenge for, 537.

Devil, the, fell through pride, 242; the tempter, 299; false accuser, 328; lion and dragon, 457; serpent, 517; persecuted Christ, persecutes His Church, 652; warfare between Christians and the devil, 654, 655.

Doeg the Edomite, 197, 201.

Dogs, use of the word, 295, 296.

Donatists, schismatics, 42, 228, 470; claimed to be the only true Christians, 414, 473, 592, 640, 641, 670.

Donatus, 216, 298.

Dove, type of love, 212.

Drunkenness, spiritual, so called. See Inebriation.

Eagle, explanation of characteristics, 285, 506.

Earth, God's saints on, 48; lower places of, meaning of, 262; God's footstool, 485; things of, cleave to Christians, 564.

Eastertide, type of everlasting happiness, 545; follows Lent with praise and feasting, 673.

Ecstasy of David, 68, 70; trance or transport of mind, 296, 555.

Edom, or "earthly," 244; name for Esau, 631.

Egypt, ten plagues of, and meaning, 375; land of Ham, 523; emblem of this world, 550.

Election of the Gentles, 625.

Elijah, 181, 545.

Endor, 399.

Envy, defined, 524; entices to sin, 642; the devil the great envier, 642.

Ephraim, meaning of name, 247, 386.

Ephrata, 617.

Epicurus, philosopher, 349; named "hog," 349; teaching of, 349.

Episcopus. See Bishop.

Epithalamia, 146.

Esau, type of the proud, etc., 162; type of carnal men, 631.

Esther, Queen, 197.

Eternity, eternal, meaning of, 3; our refuge, 442.

Etham, 347.

Ethiopia and Ethiopians, 298, 346.

Eucharist, sacrament of the, how spoken of, 75; for rich and poor alike, 169; mystery of eating and drinking in, 485, 486. See Sacraments.

Eunomians, 297.

Eve, type of the Church, 131, 607, 608; our flesh compared to, 170.

Evil, sent on men in just judgment, 80; bodily, comes on good and bad alike, 384.

Examples, effect of, 589, 590, 643.

Exultation of the just, 209; in the Lord, 467, 468; exult with fear, 679.

Eye of God on those who look to Him, 71; wantonness of eyes condemned, 190; eye of the flesh, 480, and of the heart, 480; eyes of Christ's Body, the Church, 426.

Ezekiel, prophet, song of, Ps. lxv., 267.

Face of God, meaning of expression, 44, 286, 298.

Faith, path to knowledge, 29; of the fathers same as ours, 195; in Christ cleanses, 438; necessary to reconciliation, 522.

Faithful, the, God's tabernacle on earth, 134, 606.

Fasting, one of the wings of prayer, 140, 423; fast of Lent enjoined in Old Testament and by our Lord, 545; of Christ, 304; on heathen festal days, 484.

Father, the, first Person in the Blessed Trinity, 301, 289; Abba, 381.

Fear of God a safeguard, 13; two kinds of fear, chaste and servile, 55; Christians need have no fear, 64; fear of damnation, 170; flight of the mind, 286; Christ our Lord's death changed fear to love, 451; one of the leaves of the door of the heart, 649; in working out our salvation, 653.

Felix the martyr, sermon on, 609.

Field, God's field, the world, 677.

Finger of God, refers to the Holy Ghost, 29; fingers for the Body of Christ's warfare, 654.

Fire, purging or cleansing, 103; destroying, 103; of God's judgment, 180; used for affliction, 278; used in exorcism before Baptism, 278.

Flesh, lust of the, 32; fleshly desires, 64; infirmity of the, 129; resurrection of the, 196, 259; all flesh, how to come to God, 269; frailty of the, inherited from Adam, 406.

Food of men and angels, even the Incarnate Lord, 625.

Forgiveness, on confession and amendment, 193; promised, to prevent despair, 498; of others, so as to obtain mercy, 547.

Foundation, our, is Christ, 510, 594.

Free will, man punished because he sins through, 498; gift of God, 545; divine grace needed to enable man to serve God, 579; man has free will, 637.

Friendship, danger of worldly, 631.

Fulgentius, 91.

Gaiuseius, 646.

Gath, David in, 218.

Gehenna. See Hell.

Generation, of generations, 329, 502; years of a, 521.

Gentiles, called in, 478; vast numbers of, in the Church, 626.

Getulia, 675.

Giant, the Lord termed Giant of giants, 427.

Gideon, fleece of, 158, 329, 634; and three hundred that lapped, 295.

God, finger of, 29; attributes of, 35, 141, 150, 184, 240, 353, 502, 557; in three Persons, 195; anger of, 383, 399; face of, 44, 286, 298; to be loved for His own sake, 223, 341; repentance of, 531; workmanship of, in Christ, 653.

Gods, use of term in Scripture, 178, 478, 479.

Good, God alone truly so, 557; good and bad in the Church militant, 166, 167, 489, 590, 591; good gifts of God, 87; good gifts of Heavenly Jerusalem, 270.

Gospel, good news of salvation, 531, 532; preachers of the, to be supported, 513; Gospels four in number, 635.

Grace of God, leads to confession, 117; in Christ abundantly, 147, 148; all good comes through, 287; virtue of the Sacraments, 367.

Groaning, of heart and flesh, 106; of God's servant, 107.

Hades. See Hell.

Hagarenes, 398.

Haggai the prophet, 546, 547, 679.

Hail in Egypt, meaning of, 375.

Halleluia, meaning of double, 532; song of the future life, 673.

Ham, land of Egypt, 523.

Hand, right, used for preference, 538; safety in God's right hand, 635.

Hands, lifted up in prayer, 261; of the Lord Jesus stretched out on the cross, 427.

Happiness of this world, not promised by the Lord, 93; a dream, 339, 340; a pitfall for the ungodly, 463; checkered with trials, 465.

Hatred, God's, in what it consists, 12; hating wrongfully a dangerous temptation, 110; is darkness and death, 211.

Head of the Church is Christ, 642; head of the ungodly the devil, 642.

Heart, the, an abyss, 136; wings of, faith, hope, and charity, 401; should be in heaven, 452; straight heart and wicked heart, 493; the two leaves of, 649.

Heaven, used for books of both Testaments, 29; foundation of what, 396; how to be bought, 466; heaven of heavens, 502; figure of God's mercy, 501; all holy souls, 596.

Hell (Hades), place of waiting before the judgment, Lazarus in Paradise, 17; Rich man in Gehenna, 17; upper and lower, 415, 416; no escape in Hades from God's presence, 637.

Heresies, why allowed, 26; like torrents, 233.

Heretics, false prophets, 23; names of, 217, 297, 645; characteristics of, 367, 615, 669.

Hermon, Mount, 135, 433, 623.

Herod, slaughter of the innocents by, 165.

Hippolytus, 70.

Holocaust, 184, 197, 279, 633.

Holy Ghost, finger of God, 29, 451; came down at Pentecost, 157, 451; sword of the Lord, 457; sevenfold operations of, 681.

Hope, in God, 35, 121, 614; of immortality, 519; comforted by, in our pilgrimage, 604, 660, 663.

House of God, 486, 606, 618.

Humble, the, praise God, 73; God gives grace to, 534, 535; God exalts, 549.

Humility, road to life, 49; of the publican, 126; commended, 77, 117, 371, 518; our strength, 457; of the Lord Christ, 607.

Hymns, sung in churches, 143; songs of praise, 333; of God's saints, 677.

Hyssop, 193, 194.

Idithun, 112, 117, 119, 251, 254; to whom applied, 360.

Idols and Idolatry, refutation of, 477, 478; rage of idolaters against Kingdom of Christ, 483; madness of idol worshippers, 632.

Idumæans, 398. See Edom.

Image of God in soul of man, 140, 177.

Incarnation of Christ, 146; born of a Virgin, 193; the Word and flesh, i.e. God and man, 540. See Christ.

Inebriation, so called, spiritual, effects of, 2, 89; refreshing the people of God, 272.

Infants. See Babes.

Inheritance, Christians co-heirs with the Lord, 178; of Old Testament in contrast with that of the New, 292.

Innocence, to be kept with care, 102; of heart, 380; righteousness included in, 492.

Innocents, murdered by Herod, crowned by Christ, 165.

Intercession of Moses, power of, 529.

Ishmaelites, 398; type of worldly seeking Christians, 590.

Israel, "seeing God," 356; Christians called by this name, 550.

Jabin, 398.

Jacob, meaning of his two names, 369; Jacob and Esau, two nations, 437, 631. See Esau.

Jannes and Jambres, 96.

Jebus and Jebusites, 268.

Jeremiah, song of, 267, 315.

Jerusalem, 36, 268; Jerusalem and Babylon, the world and the Church, contrasted, 252; same as Sion, 268; the Heavenly Jerusalem, 414, 593.

Jews, caused the Lord's crucifixion, 264; judicially blinded, 308; named from Judah, 355; how superior to other nations, 408, 468; many converted, 461; convicted by the resurrection of the Lord, 618.

Joab, 244.

Job, a pattern to Christians, 224; answer of, to his wife, 224; holy Job, 281; tempted by the devil by God's permission, 446.

John the Baptist, a burning light, 622; boldness of, 648; killed by Herod, 648.

Jonadab, 315.

Jordan, land of, 135; figure of baptism, 135.

Joseph, husband of Virgin Mary, 381.

Joseph, the patriarch, 386; a type of Christ, 392, 522.

Joy, of the saints in the Church, 293; joy in God, 406; coupled with fear, 415; impure joy, 604; in tribulation, 639.

Judas Iscariot, case of, 538, 539; bag entrusted to, 668; in Hades, 538.

Judge, God judges His people, 63; our Lord as Son of man, Judge at the last day, 179, 351, 474.

Judgment, day of last, 15, 91, 148, 442, 474; God's judgments a great deep, 136; Christ's assessors at the judgment, 181; temporal judgments a warning, 246.

Julian the apostate, 602.

Justice, twofold, 562; God's, combined with mercy, 491, 507.

Justification, of the ungodly, 22, 545; God's free gift, 240; precedes good works, 545. See Confession, Faith, Grace.

Kedar, 590.

Kingdom of heaven, in this world, 197; how to be bought, 547. See Babylon and Jerusalem.

King, Christ our anointed. See Christ.

Kishon, 399.

Knowledge, distinguished from wisdom, 629; accompanied by charity and humility. See God.

Korah. See Core.

Lamb, Christ the immaculate, 265.

Land of the living, kingdom of the saints, 101; land of the dying, 101; land of where all is forgotten, 428.

Law, written and unwritten, 1; of Moses promises temporal rewards mostly, 445; Gospels, law of faith and love, 564, 577; threefold, given in Paradise, implanted by nature, written in letters, 580.

Lazarus and Rich Man in the parable, 17, 78, 94, 173, 416.

Lazarus, brother of Martha and Mary, raised from the dead, 500.

Lent, type of misery of life, 545, 673.

Lies and liars, hateful to God, 12, 31; some rather lax views of Augustin's as to, 12; toil of lying, 643.

Life, considered as twofold, of the flesh and of the spirit, 16, 323; our true life is love, 211; old and new, 445; sickness and death, 505, 662; in hope of eternal life, 519. See Death and Eternity.

Light, Christ the light of God, 139; two kinds, i.e. of the sun and of God, 479; rising before light, meaning of, 607.

Lion, type of what, 188, 189, 227, 516.

Locust, 375.

Lot, daughters of, 247; children of, 398.

Love, foot of the soul, 37; our root, 174; Holy Spirit's love shed abroad in our hearts, 291; wings of the two commandments of the new law, 291; all good works summed up in, 445; God loves us always, 452; law of the City of God, 484; exceeding broad commandment, 576; strong as death, 595.

Luciferians, heretics, 297.

Lust, depraved love, 37; burning fire, 234; lust and fear, causes of all sins, 389.

Luxury a slippery way, 80.

Macarius, 42, 97.

Maccabees, 77, 306, 381.

Macedonians, heretics, 297.

Man, old and new, 16; consists of soul and flesh, 105; made in image of God, 498; created in and fallen in Adam, 571, 572. See Adam and Christ.

Manasses, 247, 386.

Manes and Manichees, heretics, 297, 645, 667.

Manna, 287.

Martyrs, and their persecutors, 42; sermon on Feast of the Martyrs, 128-132; case of, when exposed, 248; spirits of, in Paradise, 382; "the bones" of, 647.

Mary Magdalene, 284, 645.

Mary the Virgin, 54, 55, 83, 146.

Maximianists, heretics, 212, 218.

Melchisedek, 72, 543, 619.

Members of the body. See Christ and the Church.

Mercy, greatness of God's, 150; joined with truth, 434; every man needs mercy of God, 491; works of, commended, 474, 547, 654.

Merit, our calling and election not of, 15; no merit in man, 189, 410; grace not given on account of, 513. See Grace and Works.

Mesopotamia, 244.

Messiah. See Christ.

Midian, Madian, 398.

Ministers of the Gospel, unworthiness of, no bar to God's grace, 42, 43.

Moab, 247, 398.

Monasteries, 439.

Monks, evil lives of some, 490; why so called, 623; Ps. cxxxiii. in defence of, 622-624.

Moon, used in various applications in Scripture, 41, 329, 515; as to origin of light of, 41.

Moses, man of God, prayer of, Ps. xc., 441-446; a priest, 486; God's ways made known to, 507; books of, how typified, 321, 654; punishment of, 486, 487.

Mouth, of God, His revelations, 562; what comes out of, from the heart, 604, 633; door of restraint needed for, 645.

Mysteries, the great, of God, 640, 641.

Name, of Christ, knowledge of Him, 484; of God, "I Am," 502. See God.

Necessity mother of all employments, 402.

Neighbor, every man our neighbor, 48. See Love.

Night, type of wickedness, lying, etc., 12; type of life here, 361, 494, 569, 638.

Nineveh, 193.

Noah, ark of, 421.

North, what it represents, 165.

Novatians, heretics, 217.

Numbers, mystical meanings of, 15, 16, 181.

Obedience, parents to be obeyed, 315; road to knowledge, 577; even wicked masters have right to, 602.

Oil, used for spiritual joy, 60; for the Holy Spirit, 540; "oil of a sinner" flattery, 646.

Onagers, 512.

Organ, instrument of music, mystically used for the saints, 682.

Orphans, God the protector of, 39, 664.

Pagans, blamed Christians for all misfortunes which occurred, 390; cowards compared with Christian martyrs, 647.

Pannonia, 271.

Parable, i.e. comparison or similitude, 304, 366.

Paradise referred to, 95, 382, 580.

Pardon. See Forgiveness.

Parents, to be obeyed, and when not, 315; sins of, visited on children, 538.

Passion, our Lord's, described in Ps. lxix., 300; teaches us to look for eternal, not temporal, good, 444; suffering of Christ's Body, the Church, 251.

Patience, a gift of God, 254; the patience of Christ, 417.

Patriarchs, called "Christs," 522.

Paul, the Apostle, conversion of, 149; greatest of sinners, pattern of the grace of God, 315, 672; in what sense to occupy a throne of judgment at the last day, 421.

Peace, to be found only in part in this life, 77; exhortations to peace in the Church, 591, 603, 677; Christ is peace, 603; Christ the true peacemaker, 606.

Pelagius, heretic, 241.

Penitential Psalms, seven, 15.

Perfect, the, repay not evil, 21; none really perfect, 116; an example to other Christians, 121; to be judges with the Lord at last day, 449.

Perpetua, martyr, 168.

Persecution, three kinds endured by the Church, 39; great persecutions inflicted on the Church, 448; why God permits persecution, 449; persecutors almost extinct through the Church's prayers, 484.

Persons in the Godhead, 301.

Peter the Apostle, threefold denial of the Lord, and threefold confession, 128; monument of, in Rome, 152; chief among the Apostles, 536; remembered in Rome, 647.

Pharaoh, king of Egypt, 625.

Pharisees, pride and outward purity of, 493.

Philistines, 398.

Philosophers, pagan, some hold the soul to be immortal, but all rejected the resurrection, 437.

Photinus, heretic, 297.

Physician, Christ the true, 90.

Pilate, Pontius, 264.

Plato the philosopher, 646.

Pleasure of the flesh, 31; compared to mire, 549. See Lust.

Possession, God ours, and we God's, 663.

Powers of this world signified by mountains, 157; obedience due to the powers that be, 602.

Praise of God man's chief work, 148; manifest grounds for, 196; everlasting employment of the blessed, 402; prayer and praise, 520, 545; God's works praise Him, 659, 674.

Prayer, two kinds, outward and inward, 107; two wings of, 140, 423; perseverance in, 280; the Lord Jesus prays for us and in us, and is prayed to by us, 410; the Lord's Prayer pattern of all prayer, 652.

Precepts. See Law.

Predestination, secret with God, 671, 680.

Pride, deadly sin, 32, 56; pride of the devil, 242; pride of Adam and his race, 324; mother of envy, 493.

Priest, Christ our Priest and Sacrifice, 623. See Christ and Sacrifice.

Primacy of Peter, 536.

Promises of Old and New Testaments not the same, 342; fulfilled, an earnest of those not fulfilled, 660.

Prophets, foretell the future, 80, 142; Christ speaks in the, 635, 651; heretics false prophets, 23.

Propitiation. See Sacrifice.

Proselytes, 664.

Prosperity, perils of, 190; not the lot of Christians in this world, 207; does not make men happy, 638; Christians must not be lifted up by, nor depressed by adversity, 638. See Job.

Providence of God, over all, 663; sin of not believing in, 653.

Psalms, though one book, divided into five books, 681.

Psaltery, 229; mystical meaning of, 678.

Punishment of the wicked, 234; how angels are employed in punishing, 376, 377.

Pythagoras, philosopher, 513, 646.

Redemption by and through Christ, 505. See Christ and Sacrifice.

Refuge, God is our, 156, 317.

Repent, in what sense God is said to repent, 531, 619.

Resurrection, the Christian's faith in, 501; rejected by heathen philosophers, 437; our hope of, 614; the resurrection-body, 654.

Righteous, delivered by God out of trouble, 77; blessing on, 98; sure of rest at the last, rejoice in hope, 609. See Grace, Prosperity, Tribulation.

Righteousness, beauty of, 270; God's gift, 316; summed up in innocence, 492. See Justification.

Rome, curies or tribes in ancient, 594; Peter and Paul remembered in, 647.

Sabbath, type of everlasting rest, 103; Christian sabbath in the heart or good conscience, 453.

Sabellius, heresy of, 11, 297.

Sacraments, difference between Old and New Testament sacraments, 342; result when administered by ungodly men, 640; chief means of binding up bruises of heart, 666.

Sacrifice, of repentance, 9; of praise, 183; of righteousness, 196; love the fire of our sacrifices, 224; of humility, 615; our Lord's sacrifice a pure offering, 678. See Christ.

Saints, supposed to be represented by number of fishes in the nets, 181; in Paradise, interceding for the living, 418; differ in glory in heaven, 688. See Righteous and Good.

Salvation, Christ our, 90, 621; Christ salvation of God, 588; of free grace, 652. See Grace.

Saul, king of the Jews, 50; Saul, i.e. Paul the Apostle, 316. See Paul.

Schism and schismatics, 216, 218. See Donatists.

Scripture, both difficult and clear passages in, 43; remedy for sick souls, 91; mysteries in, 459, 667; all written for Christ, 634.

Selah, Sursum Corda, 8.

Septuagint version, 427.

Simon Magus, 450, 615.

Sinai, Mount, meaning of name, 288, 293.

Sin, Sinners, must be punished, 150, 239; Christ alone without sin, 192; original sin washed away in baptism, 192, 252, 253; all men sinners, 436, 560, 645. See Baptism.

Sion the fatherland, same as Jerusalem, 268; type of the Church militant, 500; the true heavenly Sion, 620.

Solomon, son of David, 606.

Son of God, same substance as the Father, 301. See Christ.

Songs of Degrees. See Degrees.

Soul, bread of the Word of truth, 260; nature of the, 528, 529, 662; love the virtue of, 510; by faith and hope is in Christ, 631; made in image of God, 668. See Salvation, Body, Image of God.

Spirit, Holy. See Holy Ghost.

Stephen, proto-martyr, 237.

Suffering. See Tribulation.

Swearing, forbidden to men, 430; what God hath sworn will surely happen, 620.

Synagogue, the murderer of the Lord, 335, yet out of it came forth Saul, or Paul, the great Apostle, 335.

Syria, 245.

Tabor, Mount, 433.

Tarshish, supposed by some to be Tarsus in Cilicia, by others to be Carthage, 166.

Temple of God, the beauty of righteousness, 270; how man is a part of, 596; heathen temples closed in Augustin's time, 637.

Temptation, of the Lord threefold, 32; sets forth three classes of man's temptation, 32; can be overcome only by God's help, 442; assails Christians after remission of sins in baptism, 504. See Devil.

Testament, Old prefigured by New, 405; Old revealed in New, New revealed in Old, 531. See Promises.

Three Children, Song of the, 77, 674.

Time, our time very short here, 93, 94; six times or periods of history, 457; of mercy and judgment, 491; two times of Christ, humiliation and majesty, 544. See Mercy and Judgment.

Titus, emperor, 380, 381.

Tongue, dispersion of tongues, 213; deceitful tongue, 589; Christian's tongue the Song of Jerusalem, 631.

Tribulation, Christ delivers His people in, 145; greatest, is an evil conscience, 156; strengthens us, 313; profitable to us, 186; accompanies us all through life, 361. See Grace and Prayer.

Trinity, one God, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, 11; Sabellian heresy concerning, 11; different errors concerning, 297, 298; three Persons, one Substance, 301, 629.

Truth, alone makes blessed, 9; to be overcome by, is glorious, 235; joined with mercy, 434; must strive for, unto death, 575; lying is toilsome, truth easy, 643. See Mercy and Augustin.

Ungodly, compared to grass, 174; flourish for a time, perish for ever, 208; miserable, though apparently happy, 336.

Unity of the Catholic Church, 328, 501, 591; unity recommended, 677. See Church.

Usury condemned, 99, 612.

Virginity, 451, 452; parable of five virgins, lessons in, 670.

White Mass, 660.

Wicked. See Ungodly.

Wine of the Lord, 514.

Wisdom, book of, 172.

Wives and husbands, 223.

Word of God, Christ Jesus, 502; godhead and manhood inseparable, 6; became flesh so as to be man's food, 372; the written word is bread of the righteous, 99; a well of life to the receiver, 347; was heard read standing, 402.

Works, love the root, good works the fruit, 199, 200; faith works by love, 445. See Grace, Justification, Righteousness.

World, Christ sends both fire and sword into, 245; six ages of the, 456; Christians must use, not serve, the world, 474.

Zechariah the prophet, 546, 547, 676.

Zion. See Sion.

Ziphites, 206, 207, 208.